Wrong base pair If the wrong base pair is matched, the enzyme will not change its shape and the pocket will not be Right base pair When the right base pair is matched, the enzyme changes its shape and becomes a tight pocket. New fragment DNA polymerase will bind again. A new RNA primer synthesis by DNAįor each Okazaki fragment DNA polymerase will separate, the sliding clamp dissociates, and for every Lagging strand In the lagging strand there are multiple RNA primers synthesized. Leading strand DNA polymerase will start synthesizing the Leading strand, and this will go on continuously. The sliding clamp will hold DNA polymerase on the DNA DNA will be engaged in the sliding clamp.ĪTP hydrolysis locks the sliding clamp around the DNA and releases the clamp loader. Sliding clamps The clamp loader binds ATP and will open up the sliding clamp. Template strand DNA is a template for its own replication. Needs DNA polymerase needs a template strand, requires all four deoxy nucleotides, and a primer.Įnergy The energy needed to move forward comes from the release of a phosphate group. Strands separated by holding them into place. Single-strand DNA-binding protein will bind to the newly separated individual DNA strands, keeping the RNA primer removed RNase H and exonuclease removes the RNA primer. Polymerase finished the DNA fragment, the old RNA primed is erased and replaced by DNA. DNA polymerase adds to the new RNA primer to start a new Okazaki fragment. The lagging strand In the lagging strand there are multiple RNA primers synthesized. Primase DNA primase will be attracted when the round of replication origin is open far enough. ‘de novo’ DNA primase DNA primase synthesizes an RNA out of nothing primer that fits on the DNA. There are two, on each replication fork there will be a leadingĪfter Helicase unzips the double-stranded DNA the DNA primase will make an RNA primer. Replication fork Helicase will make the replication forks. Helicase Helicase will catalyze the disruption of the hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands of a double-strandedĭNA together, unzipping the double-strand. The activation of helicase Helicase will get activated with the phosphorylation of Mcm (helicase activated) and phosphorylation of Which strand Helicase will bind on the leading strand. Helicase Helicase can ‘unzip’ a double helix using ATP. This processĬontrasts with the usual vertical transfer of genetic Transferred from the genome of one cell to that ofĪnother, including between species. Horizontal transfer Horizontal transfer is when a piece of DNA can be Genes may then diverge in the course of evolution.ĭNA segment shuffling Segment shuffling is when two more existing genesĬan break and rejoin to make a hybrid geneĬonsisting of DNA segments that originally Gene duplication Gene duplication is when an existing gene can beĪccidentally duplicated, creating a pair of initially Occur in the process of DNA replication and DNA Sequence, through various types of errors that Intragenic mutation An intragenic mutation is when an existing geneĬan be randomly modified by changes in its DNA Gene innovation There are four processes that can innovate genes. Genes Are big and vary widely between different species General things What is the organism made of: Just one compartment. Subject: Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Pro-and Ekaryotes General things General Things
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